Hormone secreted=orange
Organ/tissue targeted by hormone=green
Effect of hormone=pink
Organ/tissue targeted by hormone=green
Effect of hormone=pink
Hypothalamus
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/933951562.jpg?1336610731)
http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/m7_glands.jpg
- Located in the lower central part of the brain
- Secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that travel to the posterior pituitary and are released again by it.
- Secretes many hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary (ex: the hypothalamus releases prolactin-releasing hormone (prolactin-RH) and in response, the anterior pituitary secretes prolactin)
- Main connector between the endocrine system and the nervous system
Pituitary Gland
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/916147361.gif?1336607475)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/pituitary.gif
- At the middle of the brain's base
- Separated into the posterior and anterior lobes
- Secretes oxytocin which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and the mammary glands to release milk during breastfeeding
- Secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing the kidneys to retain water
- Secretes growth hormone (GH), which stimulates the growth of all tissues and organs and the rate at which old cells are replaced by new ones (cell-turnover rate)
- Secretes prolactin (PRL), causing the mammary glands to make breast milk
- Secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which makes the testes and ovaries produce sperm and ova
- Secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which causes the development of a corpus luteum in the ovaries and the production of testosterone in the testes.
- Secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)stimulating thethyroid to release hormones
- Secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causing the adrenal cortex to release hormones
Pineal Gland
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/990223109.gif?1336609087)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/pineal.gif
- In the rear part of the brain
- Little known about it and its functions
- Secretes melatonin which plays a role in rhythmic activities and possibly regulates the wake-sleep cycle of the body
Thyroid Gland
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/501098196.gif?1336610711)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/thyroid.gif
- Located at the lower front part of the neck
- Secretes thyroxine, which affects most cells, increasing their rate of metabolism
- Secretes calcitonion, which targets cells in the bone, reducing blood calcium levels
Parathyroid Glands
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/884234352.gif?1336607465)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/parathyroid.gif
- Four small glands embedded in the thyroid gland's surface
- Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), affecting cells in the bone, raising blood calcium levels
Thymus Gland
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/106275035.gif?1336609125)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/thymus.gif
- Located under the breastbone
- Secretes thymosin that increases T cell development throughout the body
Adrenal Glands
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/721492029.gif)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/adrenal.gif
- Located on top of kidneys (but are not part of the kidneys)
- Separated into adrenal medulla (inner layer) and adrenal cortex (outer layer)
- Secretes epiphrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (nonadrenaline)to increase/prolong the sympathetic nervous system's effects on the body (targets many organs/tissues)
- Secretes glucocorticoids that cause the liver to increase blood glucose
- Secretes mineralocorticoids (mainly cortisol), making the kidneys retain sodium and water, therefore increasing blood pressure and blood volume
Pancreas
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/672671164.gif?1336610701)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/pancreas.gif
- Behind the stomach and near the back of the abdomen
- Secretes insulin, which lowers blood glucose by targeting nearly all cells and stimulating the liver to store glucose as glucagon
- Secretes glucagon, causing the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood, increasing glucose levels
Testes
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/448950317.gif?1336609815)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/testes.gif
- Located in the scrotum
- Secrete androgens (mainly testosterone) that promote the development/maintaining of secondary sex characteristics throughout the body and the production of sperm in the testes
Ovaries
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/2/2/4322715/967694224.gif)
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/images/ovary.gif
- Located on either side of the uterus
- Secrete estrogen and progesterone, promoting the development of secondary sex characteristics throughout the body, stimulating the growth of uterine lining (estrogen) and maintaining/helping with later growth of the uterine lining (progesterone) during menstruation.
Now let's see if you payed attention! Take a quiz here to see how much you know about the parts and hormones of the endocrine system.
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